Final answer:
Thiazide diuretics are used to treat hypertension and fluid retention by increasing urine production. They work by inhibiting the reabsorption of sodium and chloride ions in the kidneys.
Step-by-step explanation:
Thiazide diuretics are used to treat conditions such as hypertension (high blood pressure) and edema (fluid retention). These medications work by increasing urine production, which helps to reduce excess fluid in the body. Thiazide diuretics inhibit the reabsorption of sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl-) ions in the kidneys, promoting the excretion of these ions and water in the urine.