Final answer:
Military law dictates the processes for handling formal complaints, which differ from civilian law. The Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ) offers guidance on matters of military conduct, but the specific timeline for reporting to a General Court-Martial Convening Authority (GMCA) is not detailed in the provided references.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question addresses when a commander must report a Formal complaint to the first General Court-Martial Convening Authority (GMCA). The given references do not explicitly detail the reporting timeline to a GMCA, but they suggest a context involving military law, where different rules apply compared to civilian law. For instance, under the Fifth Amendment, servicemen and women are exempt from a grand jury indictment in cases arising in the land or naval forces. The Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ) and related military regulations would instead dictate the processes for handling formal complaints and conduct within the armed services.
In cases like Hamdan v. Rumsfeld, we see that military legal proceedings, including the creation of military commissions and the rights of detainees, have been refined through various Supreme Court rulings. The President's role as Commander in Chief also extends to military legal matters, granting them the power to influence proceedings and pardons related with military conduct. However, without a specific reference to the UCMJ or other relevant regulations, a precise timeline for when a commander must report a formal complaint to the GMCA cannot be determined from the provided content.