Final answer:
Commanders initiate investigations by identifying key personnel involved, collecting essential information, and formulating appropriate guiding questions. They may draw on authority to take military actions, involve executive officers, and apply scientific investigation methods to ensure effective resolution of situations.
Step-by-step explanation:
When a commander initiates an investigation, whether in the military or in another structured organization, the initial actions typically include identifying key personnel and gathering crucial information. This may involve finding out the names of the attendants, aides-de-camp, and door-keepers, as well as sentries who are close to the subject of the investigation. Furthermore, the commander in chief, which in the context of the United States would be the President, has the authority to order military action, require the written opinion of executive officers, and to grant reprieves and pardons. In a broad sense, launching an investigation would also entail developing supporting questions to guide the inquiry, observing outcomes, and planning next steps based on the information gathered.
For example, historical events such as the Gulf of Tonkin incident illustrate how a commander-in-chief can respond to intelligence and take action in defense of national interests. Likewise, steps of a more formal investigation into an incident may mirror scientific investigation processes including observation, hypothesis formation, and analysis.
Swift, methodical action is often imperative, as evidenced by instances where delayed responses to warnings can lead to suboptimal outcomes. The commanders, their staff, and advisors must be acutely aware of the need for timely action based on the intelligence and resources at their disposal.