Final answer:
The student's symptoms point to a condition relating to the rotator cuff or shoulder impingement syndrome. Impingement is often due to inflammation from overuse or injury. Assessment and treatment depend on severity, ranging from physical therapy to surgery.
Step-by-step explanation:
The student's description of symptoms such as pain with abduction and external rotation, subacromial tenderness, and normal range of motion with positive impingement tests like Neer and Hawkins suggests the possibility of rotator cuff pathology or shoulder impingement syndrome. The rotator cuff is a group of muscles and tendons that stabilize the shoulder joint and allow for a range of complex movements.
The impingement typically occurs due to inflammation and can result in pain and limited function. In cases of overuse or injury, as described, inflammation and even tears can occur, especially in activities that require repetitive overhead motions like throwing, swimming, or kayaking. To assess these symptoms, a physical therapist would evaluate the shoulder joint's function and range of motion, including abduction, adduction, circumduction, and flexion-extension.
Additionally, superior rotation is necessary for full abduction of the arm. If these movements induce pain or are limited, treatment such as rest, anti-inflammatory medication, physical therapy, or potentially surgery may be recommended based on the severity of the condition.