Final answer:
The tool for gathering upper-air weather reports is a radiosonde, which measures atmospheric conditions and transmits the data back to a receiving station. It collects vital information for weather forecasting that is not possible with tools like anemometers or weather vanes.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct option is B:
The tool that would gather information for an upper-air weather report is B. radiosonde. Radiosondes are meteorological balloon-borne instruments that measure various atmospheric parameters and transmit them back to a receiving station.
Radiosondes are equipped with sensors to measure things like temperature, humidity, and atmospheric pressure as they ascend through the atmosphere. They can rise up to 35 km (about 22 miles) above the Earth's surface before the balloon bursts. This makes them invaluable for collecting data in the upper atmosphere, which is crucial for forming an accurate weather forecast and understanding the dynamics of weather patterns. The other options listed, such as the anemometer, station model, and wind vane, are primarily used for surface weather observations.
A weather vane indicates wind direction at the surface level and is not designed to collect the type of vertical atmospheric profile information that a radiosonde can provide.