Question

Diabetes is a dirsease where the body is unable to produce enough insulin in the pancreas to help lower the levels of blood glucose. insulin is a pedtide hormone. which two organelles are most responsible for producing insulins in the pancreas?

Answer 1

Insulin is produced by the pancreas and involves the endoplasmic reticulum for synthesis and the Golgi apparatus for processing. In diabetes mellitus, there is either destruction of insulin-producing cells (type 1 diabetes) or resistance to insulin by target cells (type 2 diabetes), causing high blood glucose levels.

Step-by-step explanation:

Insulin is a peptide hormone produced by the pancreas, which plays a crucial role in regulating blood glucose levels. The two organelles most responsible for producing insulin in the pancreas are the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus. The endoplasmic reticulum is where the insulin protein is synthesized and folded into its functional three-dimensional structure. After synthesis, insulin is then transported to the Golgi apparatus, where it is further processed, packaged into secretory vesicles, and ultimately released into the bloodstream in response to high blood glucose levels.

Diabetes mellitus occurs when there is an inadequate activity of insulin resulting in high blood glucose levels, a condition known as hyperglycemia. In type 1 diabetes, the body's immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas, leading to insulin deficiency. In contrast, type 2 diabetes is characterized by target cell resistance to insulin, despite its production, which impedes glucose uptake by cells.