Final answer:
The passage is associated with the women's suffrage movement, which secured voting rights for women with the Nineteenth Amendment.
Step-by-step explanation:
The passage provided is most closely associated with the women's suffrage movement, a pivotal cause during the Progressive Era. This movement aimed to secure the right to vote for women across the United States, which was ultimately achieved with the ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920. The text specifically refers to the prohibitions against denying the right to vote on the basis of sex and illustrates the federal government's power to enforce this right through appropriate legislation.