Final answer:
Indications for surgery in asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism patients include significantly elevated serum calcium levels, progressive bone loss, and the presence of kidney stones.
Step-by-step explanation:
Primary hyperparathyroidism refers to the condition where there is excess production of parathyroid hormone (PTH) due to a problem with one or more of the parathyroid glands. Asymptomatic (ASx) patients with primary hyperparathyroidism may not show any symptoms, but there are certain indications for surgery:
- Significantly elevated serum calcium levels: Surgery is recommended if serum calcium levels are consistently higher than 1 mg/dL above the upper limit of normal.
- Progressive bone loss: Surgery is considered when there is evidence of ongoing bone loss, such as osteoporosis or fractures.
- Presence of kidney stones: Surgery may be necessary if there are recurrent kidney stones or other kidney complications due to high levels of calcium in the blood.