Final answer:
Basal cell carcinoma, the most common skin cancer, is treated effectively with surgery, cryosurgery, or topical ointments, especially when caught early. Sun exposure is a primary risk factor, and the disease is characterized by pearly or waxy bumps on exposed skin. Early treatment yields an excellent prognosis.
Step-by-step explanation:
Basal cell carcinoma is the most common type of skin cancer that predominantly occurs in the basal cells of the epidermis. The primary drivers for this form of cancer are prolonged sun exposure and UV radiation, but it can also be caused by other factors such as radiation exposure and arsenic. Basal cell carcinomas typically present as pearly or waxy bumps and are commonly found on sun-exposed areas of the body, such as the head, neck, arms, and back. These carcinomas rarely metastasize and are effectively treated when diagnosed early.
Management of basal cell carcinoma includes several treatment options. Surgery is amongst the most common treatments, involving excision of the lesion. Other treatment modalities include freezing (cryosurgery), where liquid nitrogen is used to freeze and destroy abnormal cells, and the application of topical ointments that target cancer cells. In some cases, a combination of treatments may be used to ensure complete eradication of the cancer cells.
Overall, the prognosis for basal cell carcinoma is very good, especially when treatment is administered promptly. It emphasizes the importance of regular skin checks and early intervention.