Final answer:
An X-ray should be performed following the Ottawa ankle rules when there is pain along with specific signs such as bone tenderness at certain malleolar zones or an inability to bear weight. The RICE technique is commonly used for treating ankle sprains, while severe injuries may require immobilization or surgery.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Ottawa ankle rules are a set of guidelines to help decide whether an X-ray is required for ankle injuries. According to these rules, an X-ray is recommended if there is pain in the malleolar zone and any one of the following: bone tenderness at the posterior edge or tip of the lateral malleolus, bone tenderness at the posterior edge or tip of the medial malleolus, inability to bear weight both immediately and in the emergency department for four steps. These rules are helpful in reducing the number of unnecessary X-rays which can save time and resources.
For treatment of most ankle sprains, the RICE technique (Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation) is recommended. For more severe injuries that involve ligament tears or bone fractures, different interventions such as immobilizing the joint with a brace or cast may be necessary, and surgery could be indicated in some cases.