Final answer:
The only item listed that is not considered a probable sign of pregnancy is 'd. Fetal heart tones', as these are considered a positive sign of pregnancy rather than probable. Goodell's sign, Chadwick's sign, and ballottement are all probable signs of pregnancy.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer to the question “All of the following are considered probably signs of pregnancy except” is d. Fetal heart tones. The terms mentioned relate to different physiological changes experienced during pregnancy:
- Goodell's sign: Softening of the cervix and vagina.
- Chadwick's sign: A purplish or bluish discoloration of the cervix, vagina, and labia resulting from increased blood flow.
- Ballottement: A rebounding sensation felt when the fetus floats and then returns quickly to its original position after being displaced with a finger or instrument.
- Fetal heart tones: The sounds of the fetal heartbeat, which can be detected by a healthcare professional, sometimes as early as 5-6 weeks with a transvaginal ultrasound, and usually by 10-12 weeks with a doppler.
Thus, the fetal heart tones are not considered a probable sign of pregnancy but rather a positive sign, as their detection unequivocally indicates the presence of a fetus.