Final answer:
The oval window is located at the beginning of the scala vestibuli in the cochlea. Its functions include transmitting sound waves and regulating pressure in the inner ear.
Step-by-step explanation:
The location of the oval window is at the beginning of a fluid-filled tube within the cochlea called the scala vestibuli. The scala vestibuli extends from the oval window, travelling above the cochlear duct. At the uppermost tip of the cochlea, the scala vestibuli curves over the top of the cochlear duct. The fluid-filled tube, now called the scala tympani, returns to the base of the cochlea, this time travelling under the cochlear duct. The scala tympani ends at the round window, which is covered by a membrane that contains the fluid within the scala.
The oval window functions as a crucial component of the hearing process. When vibrations from the ossicles reach the oval window, the fluid in the scala vestibuli and scala tympani moves in a wave-like motion. This motion of fluid is essential for transmitting the sound waves through the cochlea. Additionally, the membrane covering the round window allows the fluid within the scala tympani to move and helps regulate the pressure in the inner ear.