Final answer:
Gout is an arthritis form where uric acid crystals accumulate in joints, primarily affecting the big toe but also other joints. It is caused by the body making too much uric acid or not excreting enough, and diet plays a role in risk levels. Foods with purine-like compounds should be avoided to help reduce the risk.
Step-by-step explanation:
Gout is a form of arthritis characterized by the deposition of uric acid crystals in joints. The primary site of gout is often the big toe, but secondary sites can include other joints like the knee, ankle, and the small joints of the hands and feet. In the case of primary gout, the enzyme PRPP synthetase shows altered kinetics leading to overproduction of PRPP and purines, which result in high levels of uric acid. Secondary gout may occur due to excessive catabolism of purine, as seen in conditions like polycythemia, or decreased excretion of uric acid as in renal failure. Lifestyle choices such as diets high in fructose can increase the risk of developing gout. There is a notable connection between gout and the consumption of food and beverages that contain purine-like compounds, such as tea, coffee, and chocolate, which should be avoided to help reduce the risk of gout and associated kidney stones.