Final answer:
The specific distance for an 'extended over-water operation' varies by aviation authority, and the original question does not define it. However, the horizon distance formula given (D = 112.88 km x √h) can be used to find the horizon from different heights, which is an important concept for pilots navigating over open waters.
Step-by-step explanation:
An extended over-water operation in aviation terms refers to a scenario where an aircraft is a significant horizontal distance from the nearest shoreline. The specific distance that defines an 'extended over-water operation' can vary based on the regulations of different aviation authorities and is not provided in the original student question. However, using the equation provided, D = 112.88 km x √h, where 'D' stands for the distance to the horizon in kilometers and 'h' is the height above sea level in kilometers, we can calculate the distance to the horizon from various heights. For example, if you are standing at the top of a mountain that is 1 km high, the horizon would be approximately 112.88 km away.
For a pilot flying a small plane, understanding the concept of the horizon is important, especially when considering how far one can see and navigate over open waters. Yet, the question about the distance from the shoreline for extended over-water operations requires a different set of navigation and safety protocols that might consider factors such as aircraft capabilities, weather conditions, and emergency procedures.