Final answer:
Planes avoid collisions by adhering to FAA regulations, maintaining specific lateral and vertical separations, akin to positional restrictions in quantum mechanics.
Step-by-step explanation:
The ability of planes to fly safely in close proximity without collision is due to stringent regulations enforced by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA).
Aircraft must follow strict rules on spacing, maintaining a separation of five miles laterally from another plane at the same altitude and a vertical separation of 2,000 feet from aircraft flying at different altitudes (reducing to 1,000 feet if below 29,000 feet altitude). This careful coordination of flight paths is similar to the positional restrictions experienced by electrons as described in quantum mechanics, where each has a defined region it can occupy.