Final answer:
1: review existing The highest courts at the federal and state levels have the power of judicial review, with the authority to assess the constitutionality of laws. This power was established through Marbury v. Madison and is fundamental to the American legal system, allowing the U.S. Supreme Court and other courts to act as checks on the other branches of government.
Step-by-step explanation:
The highest court at both the federal and state levels has the power of judicial review. This means that courts, including the U.S. Supreme Court and state courts, have the authority to review laws and determine whether they are constitutional or not. Judicial review was established through the landmark case of Marbury v. Madison in 1803 and is an essential part of the checks and balances system within the U.S. governmental framework.Within the federal court system, cases typically start at the district courts, progress to the circuit courts or courts of appeal, and may ultimately be considered by the Supreme Court if the justices choose to hear them. The appellate courts have jurisdiction over appeals, while the Supreme Court can have either original or appellate jurisdiction, with defined cases for each as stipulated in the Constitution.
While the Supreme Court hears cases involving federal law and serves as the final court of appeal, it also has the power to declare laws and actions by the federal and state governments unconstitutional. This power extends to lower federal courts and state courts, all of which can exercise judicial review over legislative and executive actions within their jurisdictions.In the United States, both the federal and state highest courts have the power of judicial review. Judicial review is the process by which courts evaluate whether a law is in agreement with the Constitution. This means that the courts can review existing laws and declare them unconstitutional, as well as make new rulings that interpret the Constitution.