Final answer:
Galileo Galilei (option c) was the one accused of heresy for supporting the heliocentric system put forth by Copernicus, challenging geocentric views and facing condemnation from the Roman Catholic Church.
Step-by-step explanation:
You asked who was accused of heresy among Copernicus, Brahe, and Galileo. The individual who faced this accusation was Galileo Galilei. Galileo adopted the heliocentric hypothesis of a solar system centered around the Sun, which was first introduced by Nicolaus Copernicus. Despite the revolutionary nature of these ideas, introducing the concept that Earth was not the center of the universe, the Roman Catholic Church was not ready to accept such a shift from the traditional geocentric views upheld by Aristotle and Ptolemy.
In the 1616 decree, the Church condemned the Copernican system as "false and absurd". Galileo's writings and public lectures on the topic, which he bravely delivered in Italian rather than scholarly Latin, ultimately led to his trial before the Inquisition and his sentence to house arrest for the remainder of his life. It was not until 1992 that the Catholic Church officially admitted its mistake in condemning Galileo's heliocentric views.