Final answer:
In physics, a pistol meant for long range shooting must have sights adjusted for gravity's impact on the bullet's trajectory. Increased muzzle velocity can make the firearm more accurate by reducing the effect of bullet drop, but air resistance also plays a role. Additionally, military rifles use recoil damping mechanisms to manage the forces on the shooter.
Step-by-step explanation:
When considering a pistol for long range shooting, the discussion aligns with physics, specifically the topics of projectile motion and recoil. Adjustment of gun sights is pivotal for compensating gravity's effect on a bullet's trajectory, enabling precision at specific ranges.(a) If a gun with a muzzle velocity of 275 m/s is sighted to accurately hit a target at 100.0 m, aiming directly at a target 150.0 m away would cause the bullet to hit lower. The exact drop would need to be calculated considering the time it takes for the bullet to travel 150.0 m and the acceleration due to gravity acting on it.
(b) Increasing muzzle velocity would reduce the bullet's time in the air over a given distance, thus lessening gravity'simpact on the bullet drop and potentially increasing the accurate range. However, factors such as air resistance come into play, affecting the bullet's velocity and trajectory over long distances. Reducing air resistance would lead to a flatter trajectory and potentially greater accuracy.Military rifles often incorporate mechanisms to reduce recoil, like a recoil damping mechanism. This mechanism helps to spread the recoil force over a greater distance, decreasing the peak forces experienced by the shooter. For instance, a 1.00-kg plunger moving with a recoil velocity due to a 0.0200-kg bullet fired at 600 m/s can be calculated using conservation of momentum, and the average force exerted on it can be determined based on how far it travels before stopping.