Final answer:
The X-band radar frequency range (8-12 GHz) is the most suitable for mapping oil slicks due to its high resolution and ability to detect small-scale objects.
Step-by-step explanation:
The radar microwave band that should be used for mapping oil slicks is the X-band. The X-band radar operates at frequencies between 8 and 12 GHz, which allows for high-resolution imaging and detection of small-scale objects like oil slicks. This frequency range is well-suited for detecting the thin films of oil on water surfaces.
By using X-band radar, scientists can effectively identify and track oil slicks based on the differences in dielectric properties between oil and water. This radar frequency can penetrate the thin layer of oil and provide detailed information about its thickness and extent, enabling effective monitoring and response to oil spills. To summarize, the X-band radar frequency range (8-12 GHz) is the most suitable for mapping oil slicks due to its high resolution and ability to detect small-scale objects.