Final answer:
Informal sanctions arise in social interactions and do not have official consequences, while formal sanctions are official consequences for violating norms.
Step-by-step explanation:
Informal sanctions and formal sanctions are two ways that societies enforce norms. Informal sanctions arise in day-to-day social interactions, while formal sanctions are official consequences for norm violations. Informal negative sanctions can include disapproving looks or verbal reprimands for behaviors like wearing flip-flops to a formal event. Informal positive sanctions can be a smile or a pat on the back for helping someone.
On the other hand, formal negative sanctions involve punishments like being expelled from school or getting fired from a job for code of conduct violations. Formal positive sanctions can be rewards like receiving a promotion or an official commendation for doing something exceptional.