Final answer:
Prejudice among men and women cannot be definitively measured as greater for one gender across all contexts due to the complexity and variability of human behavior and cultural practices.
Step-by-step explanation:
Comparing prejudice among men and women and which gender exhibits more prejudice is not as straightforward as selecting one of the provided options (a through e). Gender stereotypes and sexism reflect prejudiced beliefs that can value one sex over another, and such beliefs can manifest in various forms, including discriminatory practices and institutional policies. Numerous studies have explored the tendencies of men and women to hold prejudiced views. However, these studies often yield complex and sometimes conflicting results, indicating that gender-based prejudice can depend on context, culture, socialization, and individual beliefs rather than being inherently greater in one gender.
Nonetheless, historical and sociological studies have showcased systemic patterns of prejudice and discrimination against women. This discrimination ranges from gender role expectations to unequal treatment in the workforce, as seen with the glass ceiling phenomenon. Such findings imply that society, at large, has been structured in a way that tends to favor men, especially in certain domains like employment, leadership, and compensation.
Therefore, the question appears to be rooted in social science but lacks a definitive answer due to the complexity of human behavior and cultural diversity. Rather than choosing an option that assigns more prejudiced tendencies to one gender over the other, it is more accurate to acknowledge that prejudice can be present in anyone, and its expression can be influenced by a wide range of factors.