Final answer:
The basis for the judicial powers mentioned in the excerpt is found in Federalist No. 78, where Alexander Hamilton discusses the power of judicial review. The correct answer is option D.
Step-by-step explanation:
The basis for the judicial powers demonstrated in the excerpt can be found in Federalist No. 78. This document, written by Alexander Hamilton, predicts the power of judicial review, which allows the Court to decide upon the constitutionality of legislative acts. In Federalist No. 78, Hamilton declares, "No legislative act therefore contrary to the constitution can be valid." He also describes the judiciary as the least dangerous branch of government to the political rights of the Constitution, emphasizing its role in interpreting and upholding the law.