Final answer:
UN personnel are granted privileges and immunities due to their function or position in the organization to ensure impartiality and effective duty performance. The spoils system distributed jobs based on party loyalty, as opposed to the merit system that considers qualifications. A citizen legislature usually involves lower salaries and shorter sessions in comparison to a professional legislature.
Step-by-step explanation:
UN personnel have privileges and immunities primarily for D) Function or position in the organization. This ensures that UN officials can perform their duties without interference from host countries and reinforces the impartiality and international character of their work. The intent is to allow UN representatives to fulfill their responsibilities free from local political pressure, and their privileges and immunities are not granted for reasons related to political affiliations, exceptional skills and talents, or nationality.
The "spoils system" allocated political appointments on the basis of c) party loyalty. This system was employed to reward supporters of a political faction with government jobs. In contrast, the merit system aims to ensure positions are filled based on qualifications and ability, striving for an effective and competent bureaucracy. However, this method has its own issues, such as the potential for bureaucratic independence leading to a lack of responsiveness to political change and the risk of promoting institutional discrimination.
In a B) citizen legislature, members tend to have lower salaries, shorter sessions, and fewer staff members to assist them, contrasting with professional legislatures that typically involve higher compensation and longer, more demanding sessions.