Final answer:
New farming techniques and efficiency led to the rise of cities, where a surplus resulted in new jobs and less reliance on agriculture, but not necessarily 'easy farming' due to challenges like soil loss and salinisation. Urbanization was driven further during the Industrial Revolution with technological advancements in farming.
Step-by-step explanation:
The new farming techniques that emerged over time led to the growth of cities by increasing efficiency in food production and allowing for a surplus in agriculture. This surplus meant not everyone had to engage in farming activities, leaving room for the emergence of new jobs and technologies.
As a result, cities grew and became hubs of diverse activities beyond agriculture. However, innovation in farming practices did not always mean easy farming; sometimes regions faced progressive loss of productivity due to environmental degradation like soil erosion and salinisation.
Urbanization further accelerated during the Industrial Revolution, when improved farming equipment and methods led to larger farms and reduced the need for labor in rural areas, triggering a rural-to-urban population shift.
These urban centers provided a variety of jobs unrelated to farming, creating economies based on the exchange of goods and services among people specializing in different professions. While the creation of cities marked a significant transformation in human society, it also came with challenges such as ensuring the sustainability of farming practices.
Overall, while the new farming innovations were pivotal in the establishment of cities and their sustained growth, the advent of these technologies did not necessarily equate to a simplified farming experience. In some cases, it meant dealing with new environmental and socio-economic issues that had to be navigated carefully to maintain productivity and support urban populations.