Final answer:
When encountering failure, people make different kinds of attributions. Internal and controllable attributions can be more empowering and help individuals take responsibility and improve their performance.
Step-by-step explanation:
When encountering failure, people make different kinds of attributions to explain the cause. These attributions can be categorized as internal or external, stable or unstable, and controllable or uncontrollable. Changing these attributions to make them internal and controllable can help individuals take more responsibility and have a sense of control over their failures.
For example, if someone fails a test, they might make an internal attribution by saying, "I didn't study enough," instead of an external attribution like, "The test was too difficult." They can also make the attribution controllable by saying, "I will study harder next time," rather than uncontrollable by saying, "There's nothing I can do about it." By changing these attributions, individuals can empower themselves to take action and improve their future performance.