Final answer:
Geographic and economic factors in British America led to varying labor systems, with agricultural lands using family farms and free labor, while Britain's industrialization created demand for factory labor, capitalizing on technological advances and cheap immigrant labor from colonies.
Step-by-step explanation:
The geographic and economic factors significantly influenced the type of labor in each region of British America during the colonial and industrial periods. Areas with rich agricultural land, such as the middle colonies, relied predominantly on a workforce made up of family farms and free labor to meet their agricultural and manufacturing demands. Farms were mainly profitable, requiring fewer workers, and even in cases of tenancy, such as in New York, the leaseholds were nearly as lucrative as freehold properties.
Conversely, the demand for labor in Britain shifted with the dawn of industrialization. Improvements in agriculture reduced the need for labor on farms, leading to a surplus population ready to work in factories. The growth in population and advancements in agriculture allowed Britain to provide investors with the necessary labor and capital to invest in enterprises, thus supporting economic growth and industrialization.
Cheap immigrant labor and resources from colonies were instrumental in promoting British industrialist enterprises; imported raw cotton from India and Egypt and labor from the Caribbean and South Asia made industrial strongholds, like northern England, very diverse and prosperous. FACTORIES centralized in towns and cities, becoming hubs for migrant workers seeking employment beyond the agricultural sector.