Final answer:
The case of Texas v. Johnson (1989) dramatically expanded the definition of protected free speech under the First Amendment to include symbolic acts like flag burning as a form of political expression. This case, along with Tinker v. Des Moines, illustrates the Supreme Court's ongoing interpretation of free speech protections.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Supreme Court case that expanded the First Amendment's freedom of speech to include "symbolic speech" was Texas v. Johnson (1989). In this landmark decision, the Supreme Court ruled that burning the American flag constituted a form of political expression and was protected by the First Amendment. This case cemented the notion that freedom of expression is not solely confined to written or spoken words but also extends to symbolic acts that convey a particular viewpoint or message, even if such acts are offensive to many. It is not an absolute right, however, as there are several key restrictions, such as incitement to imminent lawless action and genuine threats, which are not protected.
Another significant case was Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969), where the Supreme Court upheld the right of students to wear armbands in protest of the Vietnam War, emphasizing that students do not shed their constitutional rights to freedom of speech at the schoolhouse gate.
These cases demonstrate the Supreme Court's role in interpreting the First Amendment and the complex balance between protecting individual expression and maintaining public order and safety.