Final answer:
Prolonged use of magnesium in patients with renal insufficiency can result in hyperphosphatemia, metabolic acidosis, and increased risk of cardiovascular diseases due to the kidneys' impaired ability to excrete magnesium.
Step-by-step explanation:
Prolonged use of magnesium compounds in a patient with renal insufficiency can lead to various complications due to the decreased ability of the kidneys to excrete excess magnesium. This can result in hyperphosphatemia, associated with hypocalcemia, which can, in turn, lead to conditions such as metabolic acidosis and altered enzyme activity. Patients with chronic kidney disease also suffer from accelerated atherosclerosis and are at higher risk for cardiovascular disease. Magnesium plays a key role in heart rate and blood pressure regulation, and deficiency has been associated with hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, and insulin resistance. Therefore, careful monitoring of magnesium levels is critical in patients with renal insufficiency to prevent additional complications.