Question

Classify each of the following mechanisms by which bacteria become resistant to antimicrobial agents

A. Bypass the sequence inhibited by the agent or increase the production of the target metabolite
B. Change the terminal D alanine in peptidoglycan
C. Pump the drug out of the cell after it has entered using translocases
D. Modify the antibiotic target
E. Drug/proton antiporters
F. Hydrolysis of the B-lactam ring of penicillins by penicillinase
G. Use preformed folic acid from their surroundings

Target Modification =
Drug Inactivation =
Efflux Pumps=
Alternate Pathway=

Answer 1

Bacterial resistance to antibiotics arises through various mechanisms, including Target Modification, Drug Inactivation, Efflux Pumps, and Alternate Pathway. Each corresponds to specific strategies such as modifying the drug's target, inactivating the drug, pumping it out of the cell, and bypassing the inhibited sequence or metabolic target.

Step-by-step explanation:

Bacteria can become resistant to antibiotics through various mechanisms:

A. Bypass the sequence inhibited by the agent or increase the production of the target metabolite (Alternate Pathway)

B. Change the terminal D alanine in peptidoglycan (Target Modification)

C. Pump the drug out of the cell after it has entered using translocases (Efflux Pumps)

D. Modify the antibiotic target (Target Modification)

E. Drug/proton antiporters (Efflux Pumps)

F. Hydrolysis of the B-lactam ring of penicillins by penicillinase (Drug Inactivation)

G. Use preformed folic acid from their surroundings (Alternate Pathway)

Each mechanism is a distinct strategy by which bacterial resistance to antibiotics arises.