Final answer:
A cellular layout (option d) is a facility layout where resources are grouped by process and the product is moved between groupings based on need.
Step-by-step explanation:
In a cellular layout, resources are grouped by process, and then the product is moved between groupings based on need. This layout is also known as a group technology layout. It is characterized by the formation of work cells, where each cell consists of a group of machines or equipment dedicated to performing a specific set of operations.
For example, in a manufacturing facility, different work cells can be set up for operations such as machining, assembly, and packaging. If a product requires machining and assembly processes, it will move from the machining cell to the assembly cell based on the production flow.
Unlike a process layout where similar machines or equipment are grouped together, a cellular layout enables efficient product flow and reduces material movement and handling.