Final answer:
Organic farmers can use organic pesticides like botanicals and household substances, but synthetic pesticides, irradiation, GMOs, and hormones are mostly banned. They focus on improving soil fertility and diversity, which align with the principles of the organic food movement.
Step-by-step explanation:
Organic Farming Methods
Organic farmers are prohibited from using most synthetic pesticides, irradiation, genetically modified organisms (GMOs), and hormones in their farming practices. However, they are allowed to use certain organic pesticides and herbicides derived from natural materials as long as these substances are not specifically prohibited. Common organic farming methods include the use of botanical pesticides like pyrethrum and neem oil, as well as homely substances such as vinegar and corn gluten meal, which serve as pre-emergence weed control. Despite these measures, organic farmers also use mechanical and cultural weed control practices to minimize reliance on these substances due to potential non-target effects like the risk to bee populations.
The organic food movement advocates for farming methods that do not utilize chemical fertilizers or synthetic pesticides, which aligns with growing concerns over ecological and health consequences of widespread chemical use in agriculture. As such, some synthetic pesticides are also permitted under the National List, but only a select few that meet the rigorous organic standards.
Ultimately, organic farming methods focus on enhancing soil fertility and crop diversity, which can lead to reduced pesticide costs by breaking the cycle of weeds, insects, and diseases. This approach supports the wellbeing of ecosystems and promotes healthier food production.