Final answer:
A) Rotation of Office The Federalist Papers argue that bias in decision-making by representatives can be overcome by the Constitution's design, which promotes a diverse republic and includes checks and balances within its structure.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the Federalist Papers, the argument presented regarding how representatives can overcome bias while making decisions is primarily through the design of the Constitution itself. James Madison, in Federalist No. 10, suggested that a large republic with diverse interests would prevent the formation of powerful factions. Elected representatives with "attractive merit" would be safeguarding the government from biased majorities. Alexander Hamilton, in Federalist No. 35 and Federalist No. 51, argued that interests could be represented by people outside of one's immediate circle and emphasized the checks and balances within the government's structure to contain ambitions and prevent any one group from dominating. Thus, contrary to options A, C, and D, it was not specifically about Rotation of Office, Hereditary Succession, or Exclusive Franchise, but rather a combination of a well-structured government and virtuous representatives as the mechanism to mitigate bias.
In the Federalist Papers, the argument presented regarding how representatives can overcome bias while making decisions is a) Rotation of Office. The concept of rotation of office refers to the idea that representatives should not hold their positions for long periods of time, as this could lead to the development of biases. By rotating representatives regularly, it helps prevent the formation of entrenched interests and encourages new perspectives and ideas.