Final answer:
The best choice for maximum, readily available energy during a hike is a mix of high-fat foods like nuts and seeds for sustained energy, and complex carbohydrates for immediate glucose availability. Fats offer higher energy density, which is useful for carrying efficient energy sources in a limited space.
Step-by-step explanation:
When planning for a long hike where you will be carrying all necessities and require food that provides readily available energy with maximum energy density, it is beneficial to consider both carbohydrates and fats. Carbohydrates, especially complex ones like starches found in pasta and whole grains, are great for their quick conversion to glucose and glycogen storage, providing an immediate energy source. However, fats contain more than double the calories per gram than carbohydrates, meaning they provide more energy per mass, which is valuable when space and weight are considerations on a hike.
Fat storage in hibernating animals is a clear example of how fats can sustain organisms for long durations without food; animals use stored fats as a long-term energy supply during periods of hibernation. Similarly, hikers can benefit from including nutrient-dense, high-fat foods such as nuts and seeds, which offer sustained energy and are easier to carry due to their energy density.
Energy homeostasis is also critical when engaging in strenuous activity like hiking. To achieve this, a balance of foods that can provide both immediate and sustained energy is key. Choosing foods with high energy density, such as nuts for fats and dried fruits for carbohydrates, will help maintain energy balance throughout the hike.