Final answer:
Congress can limit presidential powers through requireing Senate confirmation for appointments, can overrule executive orders, and has the power to impeach and remove the president. Attempts to curtail presidental power historically include the Tenure of Office Act. Recess appointments are a workaround but can lead to political consequences.
Step-by-step explanation:
Congress can limit presidential powers through appointments in several ways. The Senate has the authority to provide 'advice and consent' on a range of presidential appointments, which include members of the Cabinet, federal judges, and ambassadors. This is a significant check on presidential power because without Senate confirmation, the president's nominees cannot take office. Furthermore, Congress can overrule presidential executive orders by changing the law as well as modify the size and structure of the courts, influencing how the judicial branch operates.
It is also noteworthy that during periods such as Reconstruction, Congress attempted to further limit presidential power with acts like the Tenure of Office Act of 1867 which required Senate concurrence to remove certain officials. Though this specific act was eventually repealed, it is an example of Congressional efforts to restrict presidential authority. Additionally, if needed, Congress can impeach and remove a president from office, the most serious limitation on a president's tenure.
Presidents sometimes resort to recess appointments to circumvent Senate confirmation, but this can cause significant political backlash and prevent future appointments. The constitutionally prescribed process for appointments necessitates cooperation between the legislative and executive branches, but at times also serves as a source of tension and conflict.