Final answer:
A judgment against real estate becomes an involuntary lien when properly recorded, as it arises from a legal action, not from the property owner's consent. Option B is correct.
Step-by-step explanation:
When properly recorded in the country where the real estate of the defendant is located, a judgment becomes a involuntary lien. This is because the defendant did not voluntarily agree to the lien; it was applied due to a legal judgment.
Liens can be classified in various ways, but in the context of a judgment against property, it is considered involuntary because it arises out of a lawsuit and not from the action or consent of the property owner.
The collection process for taxes based on inhabitants' property such as houses, gardens, mills, fields, vineyards, etc., illustrates the concept of specific and statutory liens, which are related to but distinct from involuntary liens.
For instance, a tax lien placed on property for unpaid taxes is a type of statutory lien that is also specific to the property in question and considered involuntary due to the owner's failure to pay taxes.