Final answer:
A note in a school counselor's file about a student's consistent tardiness is an example of an anecdotal record, which is an observation of behavior noted in a specific context. The correct answer is option b.
Step-by-step explanation:
On a school counselor's personnel file, where it is noted that a student tends to be consistently late to work, this is an example of a anecdotal record. An anecdotal record is a brief written note based on the observation of specific instances of a student's behavior or performance. It's often subjective but provides contextual examples of a student's habits or actions within a certain time frame. Other options such as rating scale, time sampling, event sampling, and biographical data inventory represent different methods of data collection or characteristics of a person's background, which don't match the description given in the question.