Final answer:
Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is a method designed to mitigate climate change by capturing carbon dioxide emitted from large sources and storing it underground. While CCS can capture a significant portion of CO₂ emissions, it does not remove 100% and requires additional energy. The strategy includes minimal fossil fuel use, forestation, and adopting clean energy sources.
Step-by-step explanation:
Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is an evolving technology that aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by capturing carbon dioxide (CO₂) from sources such as power plants and industrial processes. Carbon capture refers to the process where up to 90% of the CO₂ that would have been released into the atmosphere is instead captured. This CO₂ is then routed for sequestration, where it is permanently stored underground in geological formations, theoretically preventing it from contributing to climate change.
Combining minimal use of fossil fuels, extensive forestation and reforestation, and the shift to clean energy sources represent comprehensive strategies to address carbon emissions. Moreover, natural processes and ecosystems, such as soils, forests, and other vegetation, play integral roles in carbon sequestration, acting as carbon sinks that have historically balanced the carbon cycle by absorbing CO₂. Enhancing these natural systems can also aid in capturing atmospheric CO₂.
However, it is important to note that currently, CCS does not remove 100% of emissions and does require additional energy to carry out. Its effectiveness is augmented when deployed close to locations that generate significant amounts of CO₂ emissions, which minimizes the transport needs of the gas to sequestration sites.