Final answer:
The global atmospheric circulation is driven primarily by the energy of the Sun, influencing convection currents, and leading to wind patterns affected by the Coriolis effect. The water cycle and ocean currents also play roles in this complex system.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct option is C:
The global atmospheric circulation is driven primarily by the energy of the Sun. This solar energy causes air to warm, decreasing its density and causing it to rise; this forms a convection current. The movement of warm air from the tropics towards the poles and cold air from the poles towards the tropics creates large-scale wind patterns. The Coriolis effect, due to Earth's rotation, also plays a crucial role by deflecting the path of these air masses, giving rise to the predominant easterly and westerly winds.
Another important factor influencing global atmospheric circulation is the water cycle, again driven by the Sun's energy. Evaporation and condensation processes contribute to the movement of heat and moisture around the globe, further complicating the patterns of atmospheric flow. Notably, ocean currents are also influenced by wind patterns and, in turn, help to redistribute heat, affecting the atmosphere above.