Final answer:
A reward is something that increases the frequency of an action, applicable in various contexts such as business and education to motivate and encourage better performance and engagement. (option B)
Step-by-step explanation:
A reward is B. Something that increases the frequency of an action. In the context of a workplace or business environment, rewards can come in various forms, such as increased base salary, promotions, recognition, or one-time bonuses. The fundamental purpose of these rewards is to motivate and encourage individuals to perform better and engage more deeply with their work. For instance, a businessman might consider hard work its own reward, whereas economic theories like those proposed by Davis and Moore suggest that higher levels of income, prestige, and power act as incentives for people to commit more effort to their jobs. Moreover, strategies such as paying union workers higher wages to increase productivity through better equipment show the direct relationship between reward and work output. The concept also extends to education and child-rearing, where rewards like toys for cleaning a room, or monetary incentives for reading, align with behaviorist principles of operant conditioning to shape actions.