Final answer:
Self-employed or casual workers may find advantages in digital platform-based industries like ride-hailing apps or delivery services, where there is flexibility and independence. (option c) However, low-skilled sectors such as fast-food service can be discouraging and non-rewarding. Factory workers facing industry-specific challenges might struggle with transition and unemployment, while temp agencies offer a way to reduce frictional unemployment.
Step-by-step explanation:
Being self-employed or having casual status can be advantageous in several work environments, particularly for those whose work is based on a digital platform, such as a ride-hailing app or a delivery company. On the other hand, the rigid, routinized tasks in the fast-food industry can lead to discouragement of the work ethic, offering few decision-making opportunities, and treating workers as replaceable rather than valued employees. Moreover, in postindustrial societies, there is an increasing divide between secure, elite jobs and the vast majority of workers with more insecure employment, leading to a rise in inequality and precarity. This contrasts with the more secure nature of professional, educated elites in services and information industries with competitive job markets and benefits.
For traditional factory workers whose skills are industry-specific, the transition to other industries with comparable wages and benefits can be challenging, leading to options such as accepting lower-paying jobs, pursuing professional retraining, or facing long periods of unemployment. The growth of temporary work through temp agencies, however, has helped to reduce the natural rate of unemployment by serving as a bridge to permanent employment and reducing frictional unemployment.