Final answer:
To calculate the theoretical yield of acetylanisole, the balanced chemical equation and molar amounts of reactants are needed. Theoretical yield is based on stoichiometry, considering the limiting reactant and assuming 100% conversion. Percent yield is determined by comparing actual yield with theoretical yield.
Step-by-step explanation:
To calculate the theoretical yield of acetylanisole, you need to know the balanced chemical equation for the synthesis reaction and the molar amounts of reactants used. The theoretical yield is the maximum amount of product that can be produced from the reactants in a chemical reaction, assuming that everything goes perfectly, with no loss of material and 100% conversion efficiency.
The stoichiometry of the reaction will tell you how the reactants are consumed and products are formed. For example, if 1 mole of reactant A produces 1 mole of product B, and you start with 2 moles of A, in theory, you should be able to produce 2 moles of B. However, in practice, the actual yield is often less than the theoretical yield due to various factors such as incomplete reactions, side reactions, and losses during purification.
To find the theoretical yield, you perform the following steps: first, balance the chemical equation; second, convert all given reactant masses to moles using their molecular weights; third, determine the limiting reactant; fourth, use the stoichiometry to calculate the moles of product that can be formed from the limiting reactant; and finally, convert these moles back to grams using the molecular weight of the product. Note that the percent yield can then be calculated by comparing the actual yield to the theoretical yield.
Percent yield is calculated using the formula: Percent yield = (actual yield / theoretical yield) x 100. For a complete example with numbers, you would need the mass of reactants used and the balanced equation for the reaction.