Final answer:
The primary error control codes in 4G wireless networks are Turbo Codes and Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) Codes, both forms of Forward Error Correction (FEC) that help to maintain data integrity despite errors during transmission.
Step-by-step explanation:
Wireless communication, especially in 4G networks, heavily relies on robust error control codes to maintain data integrity over variable and noisy channels. The primary error control codes used in 4G wireless networks are Turbo Codes and Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) Codes. Turbo Codes employ a concatenation of Convolutional Codes and an interleaver to scatter the sequence of bits, thereby enhancing the ability to correct errors that occur during the transmission. LDPC Codes, on the other hand, are a class of linear block error-correcting codes known for their capacity to approach Shannon's limit - the theoretical maximum information transfer rate of a channel for a given noise level.
These codes are part of the broader family of Forward Error Correction (FEC) codes, which function by adding redundancy to the original data. In the event of errors introduced during transmission, this redundancy allows the receiver to detect and correct errors without the need for retransmission. Especially in mobile environments where retransmissions are costly in terms of latency and bandwidth, effective FEC is crucial. The choice of Turbo Codes and LDPC Codes in 4G was based on their strong error-correcting performance and relatively low decoding complexity, which makes them well-suited for the dynamic conditions of wireless communication.