Question

Three of the fundamental types of intermolecular forces are dispersion forces (or London forces), dipole-dipole forces, and hydrogen bonding.

What intermolecular forces are present in each of the substances? Drag each item to the appropriate bin.
O C₂H₆
O HCHO
O C₆H₁₄
O C₂H₂OH
O NH₃
Dispersion forces only
Dispersion forces and dipole-dipole forces
Dispersion forces, dipole-dipole forces, and hydrogen bonding

Answer 1

Intermolecular forces, weaker than intramolecular forces, include London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, and hydrogen bonds, each varying in strength and occurring between different types of molecules or atoms.

Step-by-step explanation:

Intermolecular Forces Overview

Intermolecular forces are the forces that mediate interaction between molecules, including attraction or repulsion. These forces are significantly weaker than intramolecular forces, such as covalent or ionic bonds. There are three primary types of intermolecular forces: London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, and hydrogen bonds.

London Dispersion Forces

London dispersion forces, also known as dispersion forces, are the weakest type of intermolecular force and occur between all atoms and molecules due to the instantaneous polarization and consecutive attraction of neighboring charges. These forces are more significant in larger, more polarizable atoms and molecules.

Dipole-Dipole Interactions

Dipole-dipole interactions occur between polar molecules with permanent dipole moments. The positive end of one dipolar molecule is attracted to the negative end of another molecule.

Hydrogen Bonds

Hydrogen bonding is a strong type of dipole-dipole interaction that occurs when hydrogen is bonded to a highly electronegative atom, such as oxygen, nitrogen, or fluorine. This leads to a higher polarity and stronger intermolecular attractions. Hydrogen bonds are responsible for many of the unique properties of water, such as its high boiling point and the less dense nature of ice compared to liquid water.