Final answer:
Lined volcanoes on a planet suggest active geological processes involving a hot interior, surface hot spots, and mantle convection. Larger celestial bodies retain heat longer and show more geological activity. Venus and Io serve as examples of planetary bodies with such patterns of volcanism.
Step-by-step explanation:
The pattern of lined volcanoes on a newly discovered planet is likely a result of geological activity driven by the planet's hot interior. On planets like Earth and Venus, the surface is renewed through volcanic eruptions, with lava flows creating new surfaces and destroying old ones. These flows can occur along surface hot spots, locations where mantle convection brings heat from the interior to the surface, forming lines or chains of volcanoes.
These hot spots can be likened to the upwelling of lava that, on Earth, has created features such as the granite Sierra Nevada mountain range, although it might not always reach the surface. The presence of volcanism and mountain building on other planets and moons is influenced by the size of the celestial body; larger ones retain their primordial heat longer, thus showing more geological activity.
Additionally, coronae on Venus, circular or oval-shaped bulges in the crust, are another form of surface evidence of volcanism. Io, a moon of Jupiter, also has more than 100 active volcanoes with large lava flows, driven by similar geothermal processes.