Final answer:
Rewarding students privately for their positive behavior is not an example of effective observational learning, as it doesn't allow other students to observe and learn from the actions being rewarded. The correct answer is option d.
Step-by-step explanation:
Ms. Moreno uses observational learning in her fifth-grade classroom, but the activity that is not an example of maximizing observational learning effectiveness is: d. reward students privately for their positive behaviors. Observational learning is a social learning process where learners acquire new behaviors by observing others and the consequences of their actions. Praising students in private is not public acknowledgment; hence it does not allow for observational learning since other students cannot observe the reward and learn from it.
Public recognition of positive behaviors allows other students to observe and learn from the positive consequences of their classmates' actions. This could include pairing students who excel with those who need help, highlighting positive outcomes in stories, or having a class leader model positive behaviors.