Final answer:
A person with the ability to tune instruments by ear alone has a highly developed sense of perfect or absolute pitch, which allows them to identify and replicate musical notes without external assistance.
Step-by-step explanation:
The person who can tune a guitar or piano by ear alone, without using an electronic tuning device, has a highly developed sense of perfect pitch or absolute pitch. This is because perfect pitch is the ability to identify musical notes such as A-sharp, C, or E-flat just by listening to them.
Having perfect pitch allows an individual to accurately determine the pitch of notes, a skill which is useful for tuning instruments like guitars and pianos to the correct frequencies.