Final answer:
a. a limited government A government restrained by law is called a limited government, which is fundamental to constitutionalism. In contrast, totalitarianism and authoritarianism are forms of government with fewer or no checks on power, characterized by extensive control over public and private aspects of life.
Step-by-step explanation:
A government that is itself restrained by law is called a limited government. This concept is central to the idea of constitutionalism, which balances the freedom of the individual with a government that is limited under the rule of law. In contrast to a limited government, other forms of government like totalitarianism, authoritarianism, and monarchy can embody systems where power is not as restrained, with authoritarian regimes often characterized by unelected individuals holding power and limiting personal freedoms.In contrast to a limited government, totalitarianism is a political system striving to regulate nearly every aspect of public and private life without restraints on power. Totalitarian rule is maintained through an official ideology, propagated by state-controlled media, and does not operate within the confines of a constitution or laws that limit the government's authority.
Authoritarianism is somewhat similar but does not attempt to control as many aspects of life, although it still enforces obedience to governmental authority by limiting personal freedoms.A government that is itself restrained by law is called a limited government. In a limited government, the power of the government is restricted by a constitution or a set of laws, which protect the rights and freedoms of individuals. Examples of limited governments include democracies where the rule of law is upheld and the government's actions are constrained by legal principles.