Final answer:
Atomoxetine, clonidine, and guanfacine are used to treat ADHD by altering neurotransmitter levels in the brain, with atomoxetine affecting norepinephrine, and clonidine and guanfacine targeting alpha-2 adrenergic receptors, leading to a reduction in hyperactivity and impulsiveness.
Step-by-step explanation:
Atomoxetine, clonidine, and guanfacine are medications that are used in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and work by altering neurotransmitter levels. Atomoxetine is a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor that increases the level of norepinephrine in the brain, which is believed to help with attention and impulse control.
On the other hand, clonidine and guanfacine are alpha-2 adrenergic agonists. These medications stimulate alpha-2 receptors in the brain, which helps to reduce the release of other neurotransmitters that might be involved in hyperactivity and impulsiveness, leading to a calming effect in patients. As these medications target different neurotransmitters and receptor systems, they provide alternative options to stimulants like amphetamines, which increase dopamine activity.
It is understood that ADHD may stem from underactivity in certain brain regions, including the prefrontal cortex, related to impulse control and attention. The medications mentioned can help to bolster the activity within these areas, thereby improving symptoms of ADHD.