Question

Higher intake of marine omega-3 fatty acids (03) has been associated with reduced risks of cardiovascular disease in several observational studies. It is unclear whether supplementation with 03 would have a similar effect.

A 2019 study randomly assigned middle-aged Americans to take daily for 5 years a pill that was either an 03 supplement or a placebo. By the end of the study, 386 of the 12,933 participants assigned to the 03 supplement had experienced a major cardiovascular event (MCE: a heart attack or a stroke), compared with 419 of the 12,938 participants assigned to the placebo.
Points These values you just computed are part of the
O the conditional distribution of MCE outcomes given treatment
O the conditional distribution of treatments given MCE outcome
O the marginal distribution of MCE outcomes
O the marginal distribution of treatments

Answer 1

Omega-3 fatty acids like EPA and DHA have significant cardiovascular benefits, including lowering triglycerides, blood pressure, and reducing inflammation. A healthy diet and regular exercise are important for heart health, and omega-3 supplements may be recommended for those who don't consume enough through their diet.

Step-by-step explanation:

Omega-3 fatty acids, particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are recognized for their benefits in cardiovascular health. These polyunsaturated fats are found in cold-water fish like salmon, trout, and tuna and are essential for human health because the body cannot produce them.

They play a critical role in reducing triglycerides in the blood, lowering blood pressure, and preventing thrombosis through their anticoagulant effects. Moreover, omega-3 fatty acids are helpful in reducing inflammation which is known to contribute to various chronic diseases, including heart conditions and possibly some cancers in animals.

While diets high in unsaturated fatty acids are shown to lower the risk of heart disease, simply taking supplements is not a substitute for a healthy lifestyle. It is crucial to maintain a balanced diet and regular physical activity. For those who do not consume fish regularly, especially individuals at risk of cardiovascular disease, doctors may recommend omega-3 supplementation.

Nonetheless, those already meeting their omega-3 requirements through diet are unlikely to benefit further from taking supplements.