Final answer:
option Codebook, A Codebook is the document with instructions on how the data from a collection is coded in the data file, essential for interpreting research data correctly.
Step-by-step explanation:
The document that contains explicit directions about how data from data collection are coded in the data file is called a Codebook. This essential tool helps researchers decode the data file, making it easier to understand what each code or number in the dataset represents.
A codebook typically provides information on the structure, variables, and coding schemes of the data collected, often used in conjunction with surveys and questionnaires. Whereas a questionnaire collects data, often through closed-ended questions yielding quantitative data; or open-ended questions which provide qualitative data.
In any research project that involves data collection, a codebook is vital for ensuring that data can be correctly interpreted and analyzed by any member of the research team or by others who may use the data later on.